For instance, over the last five decades the model has been applied in several sectors such as military, businesses organisations, and educational setups. While situational leadership essay model may have been widely used, it appears that there is only a limited amount of research this has been undertaken in order to justify the model and its assumptions Northouse, Drucker Foundation for Nonprofit Management. Save time and let our verified experts help you, situational leadership essay. The role of the transactional leader is to focus upon the key purposes of the organization and to assist people to recognize what needs to be done in order to reach the desired outcomes. Ashour, a.
A brief overview of the theory
Situational Leadership — Situational leadership theorists observed that a variety of leadership styles could be used simultaneously in response to changing situations, situational leadership essay. Hershey and Blanchard believed that leaders are flexible and can change according to need and hence developed this three-dimensional model of leadership. According to them the behavior of the leader depends on a mix of directive and supporting styles. However, the theory is not based on any level of research, rather there is virtually no evidence to substantiate its fundamental tenets, situational leadership essay is surprising considering the wide popularity of the theory among personnel managers and training directors. Situational Leadership is based on distinction of two types of leadership behavior.
The second is the task leadership, situational leadership essay, which concerns the task the group is facing rather than member satisfaction. It involves behaviors aiming at coordinating actions, proposing solutions, setting sub-tasks, removing barriers, disseminating information and allocating resources. The third dimension of this model is how situational leadership essay the follower is to perform the task. This is termed as readiness and once the leader is able to identify how prepared is the follower to perform the task, the model can be used to select the most appropriate style and communication pattern for that follower Bates,situational leadership essay, p.
Order custom essay Situational Leadership essay with free plagiarism report. First is the telling style, which entails proving task orientation with a clear explanation necessary at the start of a group life cycle. Here, the employees are able but lack the knowledge needed to do a job and need detailed instructions for doing a job. Second is the selling or coaching style where employees receive situational leadership essay but supportive instruction. This type of leadership is needed when the employees are neither willing nor able to do the job. Third is the participative style where employees and leaders share in decision making. This style works best when the employees have the ability but require encouragement to do the task. Fourth is the delegating style where employees make and implement decisions situational leadership essay their own.
This style works best when employees are both willing and able to do the job Goethals, Sorenson, Burns,p. The leadership style to be used can be negotiated by the leader and the subordinates. As is said earlier the research has yet o prove the situational leadership essay, but companies like Xerox, Caterpillar and Mobil Oil have found it a successful tool in their leadership training Goethals, Sorenson, Burns,p. Vroom and Yetton's Normative Model — Victor Vroom and Philip Yetton indeveloped a Normative Model according to which leadership style is a consequence of choice.
The theory was proposed by Vroom and Yetton and was later modified by Vroom and Jago. According to the theorists Vroom and Yetton, one of the primary functions of leadership is decision making. When making a decision a leader must wigh situational leadership essay two situational leadership essay. The first one is the quality of decision which the second is the acceptance of the decision by those who must implement it. Vroom and Jago identified five leadership processes for decision-making which are to be chosen based on 11 heuristics. The five strategies are on a continuum from autocratic types I and II to consultative types I and II to full group participation.
These processes represent solo decision making by the leader, the inclusion of subordinates at some level and full involvements of the subordinates in the decision. The decision heuristics describe the decision based on four criteria: improve the quality of situational leadership essay decision, improve subordinate involvement, reduce the time spent and develop the subordinates. These criteria also form the basis for measuring the effectiveness of the decision Antonakis, Cianciolo, situational leadership essay, Sternberg,p. House's Path-Goal Theory of Leadership — Some theorists consider this theory of leadership as a contingency theory while some others consider this as a situational leadership type of theory.
No what which type the theory falls under, this is one of the most studied and tested theories of leadership. The theory was proposed by Robert House, who says that effective leaders motivate employees by helping them to understand that their needs and expectations can be fulfilled through the performance of their jobs. The better an employee performance, the greater the need fulfillment. The path-goal theory is related to the exchange theory of motivation whereby the behavior of situational leadership essay is matched by the likelihood of achieving a desired goal and the resulting award that will follow Clegg, Kornberger M, Pitsis T, situational leadership essay,p. The path-goal theory views the function of leader as a supplemental one.
In other words the theory attempts to specify situational leadership essay leadership should clarify the path of members to desired goals or rewards. The four leadership styles are: directive leader who provides the employees with a detailed understanding of the expectations, a plan to accomplish those expectations, and resources to achieve the tasks; supportive leader who shows concern for the people, ensuring that the work environment does not impede specific tasks that lead towards organizational goals, and creates a supportive atmosphere; participative leader who seeks into from a multiplicity of internal sources including the technical core of employees to assist in the decision making process; and the achievement-oriented leader who establishes stimulating goals and situational leadership essay high levels of performance in achievement of the stated goals Borkowski,p.
The path-goal theory is more advanced and complex than any other earlier theories. The theory is one of the most influential theories around in recent times and is used as a guiding philosophy for human resource management in many companies. Transactional leadership — Transactional theory explains leadership as a series of exchanges between leaders and followers Leaders use various versions of carrot-stick approach to achieve the goals of the organization. Leaders set the goals and offer incentives to workers who carry out the work to achieve the goals, situational leadership essay. Transactional theory of leadership explains that transactions are the most common forms of leadership behavior.
It is a task-oriented leadership theory and emphasizes on the role of the leader to accomplish a finite goal. The theory dominated the attention of researchers who studied the field until the s. This type of leadership theory is also based on the situational leadership essay that leaders are superior to the followers in every way and followers essentially depend on the leaders. Hence, leaders delegate task to the followers and set a reward-punishment style of environment for their subordinates Tosi, Mero, Rizzo,p.
Situational leadership essay leadership theory is considered to be a rational form of leadership where the leadership equating with the management of systems and processes rather than the management of people. Hence the situational leadership essay is concerned largely with structures emphasizing organizational purposes situational leadership essay than people. The role of the transactional leader is to focus upon the key purposes situational leadership essay the organization and to assist people to recognize what needs to be done in order to reach the desired outcomes.
However, the leader follows a laissez-faire type of leadership with his subordinates at the time of work. It is seen that if parameters are well-defined, transactional leaders are very successful. In terms of situations, transactional leadership succeeds where conformity rather than creativity is the norm Tosi, Mero, situational leadership essay, Rizzo,p. Leader-Member Exchange LMX Theory — LMX theory is transactional theory of leadership. Originally called the Vertical Dyad Linkage model, it arose in the earlier s in reaction to the dominant behavioral and contingency models of leadership. VDL researchers believed that leaders adopt different styles of leaderships with different subordinates. That is to say leaders develop different dyadic exchange relationships with different subordinates.
These relationships vary from a leader treating his subordinates as a closed and valued in-group member of the group to leaders treating his subordinates in a remote manner considering the subordinate as a out-group member of the group. As the VDL model evolved into LMX theory, this leader-member relationship style i. in-group and out-group concept, disappeared and has been replaced with a continuum quality of exchange relationships Goethals, Sorenson, Burns,p. LMX researchers focus on the quality of dyadic leader-member exchange relationships. The continuum relations can range from high-quality LMX relationships which are based on mutual trust, respect and obligation to low-quality LMX relationships which are simply based on the terms of formal employment contract between leader and subordinate.
LMX relationships develop over a period of time within groups. Transformational leadership — Transformational leadership theory explains situational leadership essay leaders develop and enhance the commitment of followers. In this theory leaders and followers transform each other to achieve high levels of performance. Transformational leaders motivate other people by behaving in accordance with values, providing a vision that reflects mutual values, and empowering others to contribute. At the organizational level, transformational leadership is about innovation and change. Transformational leader uses vision based on shared values to align people and inspire growth and advancement.
Both the inspiration and the empowerment aspects of transformational leadership are necessary to lead a subordinate to perform beyond self-interest. These factors are also responsible for commitment to a vision which when transformed into action leads to change Goethals, Sorenson, Burns,p. Transformational leadership is many times called as the fifth generation of leadership and builds upon the works of earlier researchers like Kurt Lewin and Douglas MacGregor. Effective transformational leaders identify themselves as change agents, are courageous, believe in people, are value driven, are life-ling leaders, have the ability to deal with complexity, ambiguity and uncertainty and are visionaries.
However transformational leadership can be demonstrated by anyone in the organization regardless of their position in the company Tosi, situational leadership essay, Mero, Rizzo,p. Peter Northouse transformational leaders are those who set out to empower followers and nurture them in change. They attempt to raise the consciousness of individuals and get them transcend their own self-interests for the sake of others, situational leadership essay. Northouse has also criticized this type of leadership one certain points. First of all he says that this type of model has a very broad approach that is difficult to succinctly define and is many times viewed from a simplistic perspective.
There is also a possible potential of abusing subordinates through control and power Northouse,p. This essay was written by a fellow student. You can use it as an example when writing your own essay or use it as a source, but you need cite it. Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life. Situational Leadership essay. Free Essays - PhDessay. com, situational leadership essay, Aug 09, Accessed January 7, comAug Situational Analysis Nelson Coors bring to you a product that offers a healthier lifestyle. A beer that gives no hangover what we call 'Nelson Light' is an extension to our. In the play Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare uses verbal, situational leadership essay, situational, and dramatic irony to add to the reader's enjoyment, situational leadership essay.
Shakespeare used irony a lot through the play adding more humor. Environmental Analysis Strategic analysis is concerned with the structuring of the relationship situational leadership essay a business and its environment. Disciplined approach is emphasized. resulting in functional improvement in quality and processes. From John F. Kennedy to Martin Luther King and Steve Jobs to President Obama there is a myriad of ways to lead people as there are leaders. When and individual. Defining Leadership through the Fortune Leadership is a difficult term to define. The 20th century revolutionised the idea of leadership and management. As little as ten years ago, leadership and management were clearly separated by rank, position and chain of command, situational leadership essay.
legally blonde essay
Transactional leadership theory is considered to be a rational form of leadership where the leadership equating with the management of systems and processes rather than the management of people. Hence the approach is concerned largely with structures emphasizing organizational purposes rather than people. The role of the transactional leader is to focus upon the key purposes of the organization and to assist people to recognize what needs to be done in order to reach the desired outcomes. However, the leader follows a laissez-faire type of leadership with his subordinates at the time of work. It is seen that if parameters are well-defined, transactional leaders are very successful.
In terms of situations, transactional leadership succeeds where conformity rather than creativity is the norm Tosi, Mero, Rizzo, , p. Leader-Member Exchange LMX Theory — LMX theory is transactional theory of leadership. Originally called the Vertical Dyad Linkage model, it arose in the earlier s in reaction to the dominant behavioral and contingency models of leadership. VDL researchers believed that leaders adopt different styles of leaderships with different subordinates. That is to say leaders develop different dyadic exchange relationships with different subordinates. These relationships vary from a leader treating his subordinates as a closed and valued in-group member of the group to leaders treating his subordinates in a remote manner considering the subordinate as a out-group member of the group.
As the VDL model evolved into LMX theory, this leader-member relationship style i. in-group and out-group concept, disappeared and has been replaced with a continuum quality of exchange relationships Goethals, Sorenson, Burns, , p. LMX researchers focus on the quality of dyadic leader-member exchange relationships. The continuum relations can range from high-quality LMX relationships which are based on mutual trust, respect and obligation to low-quality LMX relationships which are simply based on the terms of formal employment contract between leader and subordinate. LMX relationships develop over a period of time within groups.
Transformational leadership — Transformational leadership theory explains how leaders develop and enhance the commitment of followers. In this theory leaders and followers transform each other to achieve high levels of performance. Transformational leaders motivate other people by behaving in accordance with values, providing a vision that reflects mutual values, and empowering others to contribute. At the organizational level, transformational leadership is about innovation and change. Transformational leader uses vision based on shared values to align people and inspire growth and advancement. Both the inspiration and the empowerment aspects of transformational leadership are necessary to lead a subordinate to perform beyond self-interest.
These factors are also responsible for commitment to a vision which when transformed into action leads to change Goethals, Sorenson, Burns, , p. Transformational leadership is many times called as the fifth generation of leadership and builds upon the works of earlier researchers like Kurt Lewin and Douglas MacGregor. Effective transformational leaders identify themselves as change agents, are courageous, believe in people, are value driven, are life-ling leaders, have the ability to deal with complexity, ambiguity and uncertainty and are visionaries.
However transformational leadership can be demonstrated by anyone in the organization regardless of their position in the company Tosi, Mero, Rizzo, , p. Peter Northouse transformational leaders are those who set out to empower followers and nurture them in change. They attempt to raise the consciousness of individuals and get them transcend their own self-interests for the sake of others. Northouse has also criticized this type of leadership one certain points. First of all he says that this type of model has a very broad approach that is difficult to succinctly define and is many times viewed from a simplistic perspective. There is also a possible potential of abusing subordinates through control and power Northouse, , p.
This essay was written by a fellow student. You can use it as an example when writing your own essay or use it as a source, but you need cite it. Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life. Situational Leadership essay. Free Essays - PhDessay. com, Aug 09, Accessed January 7, com , Aug Situational Analysis Nelson Coors bring to you a product that offers a healthier lifestyle. A beer that gives no hangover what we call 'Nelson Light' is an extension to our. In the play Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare uses verbal, situational, and dramatic irony to add to the reader's enjoyment. Shakespeare used irony a lot through the play adding more humor,. Environmental Analysis Strategic analysis is concerned with the structuring of the relationship between a business and its environment.
Disciplined approach is emphasized. resulting in functional improvement in quality and processes. From John F. Kennedy to Martin Luther King and Steve Jobs to President Obama there is a myriad of ways to lead people as there are leaders. When and individual. Defining Leadership through the Fortune Leadership is a difficult term to define. The 20th century revolutionised the idea of leadership and management. As little as ten years ago, leadership and management were clearly separated by rank, position and chain of command. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. PhD Essay Management Business Management Decision Making Situational Leadership essay.
Order original essay sample specially for your assignment needs. get custom essay. Beer Industry Situational analysis. Essay type Research. This approach to leadership emphasizes that leadership consists of a directive and supportive dimension, and that each dimension has to be applied effectively in a particular situation. Notably, when addressing a leadership situation through this approach, the process usually involves applying development level and style in the particular issue or situation. Example of Leadership Situation: An example of a…. References: Northouse, P. Situational Approach. In Leadership theory and practice 5th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. Wine, S. Leadership Vacuum? Ex-players Wonder Why No Players Intervened in Dolphins Case.
The Huffington Post. leadership theories and how they are influencing an organization. As, we carefully examine the different ones and discuss how this will impact the long-term sustainability of the firm. This is the point that we can determine how and when these different ideas should be used to motivate subordinates. When most people hear the word leadership they will often think of a person that is sure of themselves. As they are using: their experiences and courage to help inspire everyone around them during the most challenging of times. Yet, when you look a little further, it is clear that genuine leadership is more than just an image or an ideal. Instead, it is common form of thinking and a way of life that can help to transform the world as we know it. To fully understand how this is taking place requires: providing a basic definition of this concept and examining….
Bibliography Alasdair MacIntyre, , Wikipedia. Available from: [10 Nov. Concepts of Leadership, , NW Link. Available from: [9 Nov. Traditional Theories of Leadership, , E How. leadership capability relation accepted model leadership management. Part 1. Situational leadership The internal environment within economic agents is suffering dramatic changes within the modern day society and this is the result of numerous pressures from the internal and external environments, such as technology, competition or increasing demands from the various categories of stakeholders.
In such a setting, the role of the leaders and managers gradually increases, as these come to portray the link between executives and employees, and they are more essential in ensuring that the firms attain their overall objectives. As the role of leaders and managers increases, the emphasis placed on the formation of the leaders and managers must also increase. In such a setting then, the current project sets out to discuss the situational leadership model through the lenses of its applicability within…. References: Haydon, G. Leadership There are many different concepts of leadership, and much of what a person does as a leader is related to the concept to which that person subscribes.
Some leaders are more interested in their followers than others, while other leaders are more focused on what they can do for the company and the bottom line. Neither option is necessarily the right option, because there are many ways in which leadership can be effective Benson, However, for the majority of companies a leadership style that is transformational in nature and geared toward being a steward for the company is the best option. That is because people who are being led want to see that they are part of something bigger, and that they have value to contribute to the organization of which they are a part. If they do not feel as though they are receiving anything for the….
References Benson, F. One right way doesn't work with leadership either. Journal of Quality and Participation. Blank, W. Situational leadership theory. Personnel Psychology. Miner, J. Organizational behavior: Behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Armonk: M. Tittemore, J. Leadership at all levels. Canada: Boskwa Publishing. leadership is a concept of leadership based on the proposition that the right leadership style for optimal productivity and efficiency in working groups may be different in different situations and circumstances ussell-Whalling, The best choice of leadership style often depends on various specific criteria pertaining to the skills and comfort zones of leaders, the maturity level of their subordinates, and the relative degree of commitment and competence of the individuals in the work group.
In that regard, situational leadership can be thought of in terms of a conceptual matrix ussell-Whalling, according to which all of the factors and circumstances must be considered to derive the most productive possible working relationships between a given leader and his or her subordinates. Elements of Situational Leadership and Considerations of Appropriate Application With respect to the individual skills, abilities, and comfort zones of leaders, individual leaders typically differ substantially in their reliance…. References Daft, R. Mason: Thomson South Western. Russell-Whalling, E. London: Quercus. In SLII, there is a recognition that leadership is "done with people, not to people.
In a sense, the two models have slightly different conceptualizations to reflect changes in the audience. Situational leadership was developed by the authors in , when leadership styles were far more autocratic than they are today. Leadership was done to people in those days. Today, leadership is done with people. The authors have recognized this fundamental shift in the prevailing leadership attitudes and made the appropriate changes to their model to reflect this. However, the terminology used in the original situational leadership model will still appeal to autocratic leaders. The SLII model's terminology will appeal more to modern leaders. As the excessive and clumsy use of the registered trademark symbol throughout their paper indicates, these concepts are products being sold.
A shift in wording…. Works Cited: Hersey, P. Management of organizational behavior: Utilizing human resources. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Self published. In possession of the author. According to Ken Blanchard 'four leadership styles stems out of combinations of supportive and directive behaviors and that include directing, coaching, supporting and delegating styles' Erven Leading gives emphasis on the supervision of control over the subordinate, coaching gives importance in providing information on the work requirements and solicits suggestions while still assuming control over the situation, supporting indicates support on the follower or employee rather than taking control and delegating entails the turning over of the responsibility of the manager to the subordinate.
In a situational leadership, style is not dictated by the leadership skills of the manager but rather, by the demands of the existing work environment catering to the particular needs of the organization. A good situational manager must be able to perform several leadership styles as the need arises. An example that shows the strengths and weaknesses of situational approach is when a high task…. References Erven, B. Becoming an effective leader through situational leadership. Of Agricultural, Environmental and Developmental Economics. Ohio State Staehle, W. Leadership Management Effective Approaches Leadership Management Different personalities practice different management styles, while different management styles are suited to different personalities.
It is very important for a manager to make sure that their employees are motivated and their work rates are up to the mark. The employees of any organization need to be motivated in order to maintain a fair attendance at the office along with enough motivation that employees would want to continue to carry on working. This motivation can be maintained by different managerial techniques for example keeping the employees involved in the decision making of the organization-having an autocratic leadership style of management is not likely to make employees feel part of the business; in fact, giving them more responsibility and a greater role in the activities of the organization should make them feel more involved and also they will feel more encouraged and motivated if the….
References Principles of Management: Situational Approaches to Leadership. Get Homework Help with CliffsNotes Study Guides. html Shih, W. Innovation Killers. Harvard Business Review, 1, Shih, W. Verbal Communication Model. Virtual Teacher Aide. Leadership Theories Select one of the leadership theories and then identify how you might apply the principles of this theory to aid in merger and acquisition. In any organization, the overall leadership style will play a major role in determining the direction of the company. As the actions that are taken by managers, will set the tone for future growth and how the staff will focus on achieving their different objectives.
One of the most common leadership principals that are used is: situational leadership. This is when executives are looking at different circumstantial variables, to determine the most appropriate course of action. Where, their underlying amounts of leadership will be adjusted, to reflect the changing conditions. Cherry, A good example of this can be seen with the merger that would take place between: Exxon and Mobile in What happened was oil prices were hitting at all time low,…. Bibliography The Merger. htm The Merger Rationale Cherry, K. htm Lopen, S. E How. Servant leadership is often based on Christian principles, although this is not required. It is a leadership concept that is designed to show that a leader can be a steward for the company, lead by example, help others, and not have to use any of the more 'heavy handed' leadership styles.
While the servant leadership style is more often employed by women, men are becoming increasing more aware of and more interested in this particular style, because it seems to work well. The easiest way to show what servant leadership is would be to discuss the work of Stephen Covey, as he advocates this style in "The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People" and many other books. Even though Stephen Covey is seen by many to be extremely important when it comes to management and effective individuals Covey himself appears to be somewhat scattered and disorganized. This is not actually…. In contrast, a "selling and coaching" S2 approach is demanded when the leader knows the follower may be uncertain about how to perform the task, but the subordinate has a high level of commitment, as in the case of an intern or a new hire.
S2 is a motivational or mentoring approach. The employee craves direction, but will be motivated more by personality and praise than 'carrots and sticks' versus the S1 situation Straker An example of this approach might be a manager of a fast food establishment with a teenage, low-skilled workforce. The employees can do the job, but needs more motivation to perform at a high level rather than task-specific direction. Finally, an S4 situation…. Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. San Diego, CA: Emerald. Transformational leadership. htm Straker, David. Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory. Changing Minds. Leaders who want to strengthen their understanding and use of followers can benefit from understanding models of followership and leadership.
The Kelley Model of Followership considers ways of thinking and acting to categorize followers into five groups. These groups are: alienated followers who are skeptical but capable; conformist followers who follow orders and say yes often; passive followers who need direction because they do not think for themselves; and exemplary followers who are essential because they are motivated and independent, but loyal and cooperative. A fifth group is the pragmatist type of follower who has qualities from the other four categories. Bjugstad et al. Another model that considers the roles of leadership and followership is the Hersey and Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory This theory addresses four types of leadership styles. They are: telling, which involves direct instruction and task-oriented leadership; selling, which involves guiding and….
References Bjugstad, K. unning Head: Situational Approach and Path-Goal TheorySituational Approach and Path-Goal Theory 4What is a situational approach to leadership? The situational approach, which Blanchard and Hersey developed, has the primary premise that varied situations require different leadership styles. According to Blanchard and Hersey, a situation refers to attitudes and values from which a group of people or individuals has to deal with the occurrences, planned occurrences, and the results embraced; That a tangible activity is the solution to a situation. The elements include: The features of a group Structure of the interpersonal links within the group.
Physical challenges on the group The features of a groups environment where members originate. The perceived representation among the group members and the group itself of values and attitudes engendered by them. Therefore, the situational influences inhibit a leader who has to implement his leadership…. ReferencesBans-Akutey, A. The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership. Academia Letters, 2. Thompson, G. Situational leadership theory: a test from a leader-follower congruence approach. Part 1 History of Modern Leadership Studies Since The evolution of modern leadership studies begins with the Great Man Theory, which originated in the 19th century and carried over into the 20th century.
Individuals like George Washington, or Abraham Lincoln or Napoleon Bonaparte—they were seen as Great Men who were born with something special that made them into great leaders. The idea was promoted by Thomas Carlyle and other writers, such as Herbert Spencer , who added his own twist on the theory by arguing that Great Men were as much products of their own day and age as anything else. Great Man Theory got the ball rolling in leadership studies, and out…. Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership.
The leadership quarterly, 16 3 , Badshah, S. Historical study of leadership theories. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 1 1 , Carlyle, T. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History, NY: Fredrick A. Chaleff, I. Intelligent disobedience. ILA Member Connector. DeRue, D. Adaptive leadership theory: Leading and following as a complex adaptive process. Research in organizational behavior, 31, Ghasabeh, M. The emerging role of transformational leadership. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49 6 , Gibson, J. Flying high with Herb Kelleher: a profile in charismatic leadership. Journal of leadership studies, 6 , Katz, R. Skills of an effective administrator. Harvard Business Review, 33 1 , Lewin, K.
Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology — Where the urns book sets itself apart is through its evaluation of the practice and theory of leadership skills. In the book, urns states that he defined leadership as "leaders inducing followers to act for certain goals that represent the values and the motivations -- the wants and needs, the aspirations and expectations -- of both leaders and followers" p. Another important reason that urns remains so popular today is that he addresses leadership styles throughout the book by using examples that can be easily related to. Moses, Napoleon, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, Jr. are all discussed. How they led, why, and in what capacity can shed significant light on specific types of leadership skills and the styles with which they best fit.
Also included in urns' book are Adolf Hitler and Machiavelli, and they are all used to show how leaders who…. Bibliography Benson, F. Journal for Quality and Participation. Burns, J. New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics. The Army offers unparalleled opportunities for leadership development, and not just at the theoretical level but also at the practical and applied stages. Nowhere is leadership more important than in the military, which is why the principles taught in this course will continue to resonate with me as I progress in my career. While every lesson has something to offer, the modules on leadership theories and on ethics have proved especially helpful for me to gain insight into different styles and approaches.
For example, Big Man theory, trait theory, and situational leadership theories all apply to the Army. Because I have a better understanding of the diversity of leadership styles, my attitudes about leadership have changed since taking this course. Some leaders are more effective as transactional managers, focused on specific tasks and goals, but lack the big picture vision that sets apart servant leaders and visionary leaders. I appreciate…. Malcolm X and Leadership The Leadership Styles of Malcolm X Malcolm X was a natural born leader, according to Manning Marable in his biography Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention What made him so was his incessant drive and ability to command others through repetition of "pet themes" as well as his ability to speak rapidly and overtop others Marable In his early days before his conversion to Islam, Malcolm X demonstrated a remarkable effectiveness as a "leader of the pack" of assorted hoodlum with whom he fraternized.
In this sense, contingency theory best applies to this stage of Malcolm's life, because given Malcolm's social context at the time, his style of leadership -- assertive, combative, and harping -- fit the situation and the type of people with whom he operated: people who respected only muscle and might, of which Malcolm had the intellectual and willful kind. Bibliography Avolio, B. Annual Review Psychology, 60 Conger, Jay A. Leadership: The art of empowering others. Academy of Management Executive, 3 1 Conger, J. Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations Charismatic politicalleadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 10 2 Owneship Undestanding the Ugent Need fo Change Reseach confims what teaches, students, paents and supeintendents have long known: the individual school is the key unit fo educational impovement, and within the school the pincipal has a stong influence upon the natue of the school, the conditions unde which students lean, and upon what and how much they lean.
Despite this ageement about the cental ole of the pincipal, thee is little eseach concening the chaacteistics of pincipals associated with effective leadeship and with pupil accomplishment, and even less insight…. Leadership in the twenty-first century. Rethinking Leadership Working Papers. Academy of Leadership Press. html Bennis, W. The Peter F. Drucker Foundation for Nonprofit Management. html Crowther, F. Developing Teacher Leaders. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press. Different Modes of Leadership It seems that one of the most effective collaborative approaches to leadership involves situational leadership. Situational leadership, of course, is a paradigm in which leaders vary their leadership style and methodology according to the various situations they encounter Wright, , p.
In this respect, this form of leadership is highly effective for situations in which there are rapid changes, such as leading others during a merger or an acquisition. Thus, both the situations and their consequences for followers informs the type of leadership involved, which is a collaborative means of implementing this flexible type of leadership. Additionally, it also appears that transformational leadership is an efficacious approach to collaborative leadership. This particular leadership approach typically…. History Of Leadership Throughout much of history, leadership was viewed as an inherited position. It was rare that somebody would earn their way into a leadership position. Over time, a leadership model emerged that emphasized traits, and those who displayed those traits were funneled into a leadership system that, at best, worked on a linear hierarchy where tenure determined who held what position.
The major gains in leadership theory occurred when the study of leadership moved beyond these two concepts. By the s and 50s, there was a move towards behavioral theories. Leaders weren't successful because of their traits, but because of the behaviors that existed, a concept that was similar but different. Behaviorism opened up the study of leadership, however. It was really the first theory that focused on emergent leadership over assigned leadership. It also began to separate the idea of management from that of leadership. That separation…. References Northouse, P. Leadership: Theory and practice 7th ed. Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage Publications. Leadership Central Leadership theories. Leadership Central.
Work Cited Ang, S. Personality Correlates of the Four-Factor Model of Cultural Intelligence. Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Two decades in research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Sustainability Phase 3 Discussion Board The article that I have selected is "A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science," by Turner et al. The authors advocate for a system that allows scientists to fully understand "the consequences of changes taking place in the structure and function of the biosphere. Sustainability science is defined as "an emerging field of research dealing with the interactions between natural and social systems, and with how those interactions affect the challenge of sustainability: meeting the needs of present and future generations while substantially reducing poverty and conserving the planet's life support systems" so this paper fits in with key elements of that definition.
First, the paper reflects the need to understand the planet's life support systems in a complex way. The interactions between elements of these…. References Eagly, A. Gender and leadership style: A meta-analysis. Digital Commons UConn. Gender differences in leadership style, job stress, mental health in male- and female-dominated industries. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. Kruse, K. What is authentic leadership? Gender, leadership style, and subordinate satisfaction: An experiment. Sex Roles. Leadership A comparison of Law Enforcement with Other Professions Who first comes to mind when you think of a 'Leader'? Is it Alexander the Great? Winston Churchill? Leadership is an interesting phenomenon to consider, from the perspective of civilization, of nations, of political change, and of history.
What makes one person a leader while another tries and fails? What is a good leader and how is that different from a 'great' leader? The definition of leadership also varies with the context and with the individual who is defining leadership. The nature of leaders has changed as civilization has evolved, and the leaders we as a society need today may be different from those of a century ago. A national leader is distinct from a local leader, a oy Scout leader, or a team leader in a sport. Thus, definitions of leadership vary with the situation. However, they include….
Bibliography Avery, G. London: Sage Avolio, B. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Bittner, Egon The functions of the police in modern society: a review of background factors, current practices, and possible role models. Washington, D. Boedker, C. And Runnalls, M. Leadership, culture and management practices of high performing workplaces in Australia: The High Performing Workplaces Index. Society for Knowledge Economics: Sydney. Behaviors are classified as those which are related to the task at hand as well as those which are seen in the leader's relationship with the other staff members.
The first classification relates to how the objective of the firm is achieved and how the leader aids the team to achieve this objective. The classification on relationships is about the leader being able to influence the team to feel settled in their roles, in their work with their colleagues and in their pursuit of the firm's objectives. Leadership: theory and practice 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Roberts, F. Situational Approach to Leadership. What is Leadership? htm Virkus, S. Leadership Models. Leadership Two of the most pressing issues in corporate leadership today include gender equality and labor rights.
In "Women See Slow Progress in Leadership," Gay cites numerous empirical studies showing that the glass ceiling remains nearly impenetrable at the highest levels of management. The report cites the work-life balance ideal as the most common reason offered for why many women are either opting out of the CEO lifestyle, or are not considered ready or willing to handle the challenges and pressures of senior leadership. In "The Best etail Companies to Work for ight Now," Smith describes Costco's approach toward human resources management. The company has recently been named one of the best companies to work for in the United States because of their relatively high salaries, supportive work environment, opportunity for growth, and job security.
Its ethical labor rights practices are helping gain positive publicity for Costco, showing…. References Gay, M. Women see slow progress in leadership. The Wall Street Journal. Ten principles of servant leadership. Butler University. Are you a visionary business leader? Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership What is servant leadership? Leadership is a complex process involving the ability of an individual to inspire, motivate and redirect ways of thinking. It refers to the ability to bring out the best in oneself and others.
In any set up, there must be rules and regulations to guide the relationships between people and activities. In a set up like an organization, there are goals and objectives that the organization aims to achieve. These objectives and targets rely on the ability of a leader to organize and direct activities towards their attainment. Leadership is the ability of one individual to stir the sentiments and behaviors of others towards the achievement of the set goals. The leader does this by transforming the goals to be a common goal to others. Methods used by leaders to influence group members Leaders can use power to get things done. How a leader uses these powers determines the success…. References Gitlow, L. Being the boss: The importance of leadership and power.
Washington D. C: Beard book, Organizational behavior. Mason U. A: Cengage learning, Leadership Technical, interpersonal, and conceptual skills Interpersonal skills entail knowing how to interact with others. No employee desires to have a boss who is inconsiderate or rude or one who has poor human skills. All these could reduce productivity and employee morale. Managers with effective human skills tend to have subordinates who have positive attitudes and strong desires to increase productivity. Managers are always expected in any organization to have harmonious relationships with those below them like supervisors, peers, and subordinates Yukl, Conceptual skills refer to an individual's aptitude to formulate ideas. These skills include formulating abstractions, thinking creatively, understanding issues, solving problems, and analyzing complex situations.
Within the business context, these skills are viewed as integral prerequisites for top executive positions. Conceptual skills differ from technical skills and interpersonal skills. The three types of skills assume vital roles for certain purposes and in certain situations. However, conceptual skills…. References Phillips, D. T Lincoln on Leadership: Executive Strategies for Tough Times. Warner Books, Inc. Yukl, G. Leadership in Organizations. Boston, MA: Pearson Education. There are several candidates for taking charge of Gene One during its initial public offering and for some time following, at least until the company has stabilized in its new position, if not for longer.
There are of course positive aspects and drawbacks to each of the potential company leaders, but any negative aspects of one individual's leadership can be mitigated by a more temperate and even handed leadership structure, yet one that still allows for efficient and decisive decisions to be made and carried out. Michelle Houghton and John Kirby will be the primary decision makers for the company; Houghton's commitment to the…. References Hinduan, Z. Hysom, S. Massod, S. leadership Pruyne, , p. Experts provided extended series of examples, mostly from the 20th century, demonstrating how leadership characteristics change over time and vary with context.
Therefore future, 21st-century leaders should learn from the confused, sometimes contradictory and still evolving historical development of the concept "leadership," in order to distill the useful concepts from mistakes and temporary analytical fads. What seems to persist from the development of leadership theory over the last three centuries, is that leaders can be made rather than born regardless of inherited socio-economic status, and that while certain traits may be more prominent or apparent in those who find themselves in positions of leadership…. References House, R. And Dorfman, P. Understanding cultures and implicit leadership theories across the globe: an introduction to project GLOBE.
Journal of World Business 37, pdf Kirkpatrick, K. And Locke, E. Leadership: do traits matter? Academy of Management Executive 5 2 , pdf Pruyne, E. Conversations on leadership. Harvard Leadership Roundtable , 1- 78 Center for Public Leadership, John F. Kennedy School of Government. This theory also suits me well as I believe that the greater the effort and intensity, the higher the probabili8ty of attaining ones' objectives. There is also the element of continual learning, both at work and school to interpret and when applicable, use the lessons learned. Expectancy theory also is well-suited for accounting for environmental factors that can at times be uncontrollable yet capitalized on, leading to the attainment of objectives in the future.
Finally, expectancy theory also concentrates on how the concepts of valence, or strength of a person's preference for a given outcome, when combined with instrumentality and expectancy, can accurately predict the attainment of objectives over time. The concept of linking effort and results is appealing. What are the common characteristics of charismatic and transformational leadership? Compare Colin Powell and Osama bin Laden as charismatic or transformational leaders. Would your answer differ if you were sympathetic…. Leadership and career. Leadership behaviors According to Fiedler, the character of the leader determines the ultimate outcome of all forms of decision-making within the organization.
Different leaders perceive different situations in different ways: "the key situational factor is the favorableness of the situation from the leader's point-of-view. This factor is determined by leader-member relations, task structure, and position power" Fielder 1. In other words, whether the followers need direction; the flexibility demanded of the task; and the leader's degree of control over the situation will all influence the methods by which the leader exercises his or her capacity to wield power. To some extent, I do agree with LPC theory, given that in my own experiences, I have seen many leaders be effective with various personality types.
In the case of a workforce which is highly under-motivated such as a fast food restaurant , a very rigid leader who uses a…. Since trust is an important factor in the change process, special steps must be taken to build trust in the virtual environment. These include building a team with strong but complementary abilities and high integrity and immediately orienting the team towards the end objective in a non-competitive manner Greenberg, et al. There is also a higher risk for breakdown in a virtual team. Therefore, in organizing such a team I would place strong emphasis on building trust as quickly as possible among the team members. This includes instilling a common vision and establishing strong communication links between the group members almost immediately, as issues can emerge more quickly in a virtual setting than in a non-virtual one Ibid.
orks Cited: Bell, B. A typology of virtual teams. Bergiel, B. Nature of…. Works Cited: Bell, B. Nature of virtual teams: A summary of their advantages and disadvantages. Management Research News. Bommer, W. Transformational leader behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Management. Creating and sustaining trust in virtual teams. Business Horizons. Learning Tools Study Documents Writing Guides About us FAQs Our Blog Citation Generator Flash Card Generator Login SignUp. Filter By:. Keyword s Filter by Keywords: add comma between each. Most Relevant Recently Added Most Popular.
Home Topics Business Situational Leadership Essays Situational Leadership Essays Examples. Having trouble coming up with an Essay Title? Use our essay title generator to get ideas and recommendations instantly. Indeed, they are both situations where getting… References Chinnis, A. This particular model of leadership focuses on two elements, a concern for people and a… Bibliography Hersey, P. Early approaches, such as Great Man theory, trait theory and behavioral theories examined existing leaders to identify commonalities that may define good leadership, but leaders were to diverse and sufficient… The situational model of leadership has undeniable advantages to support its use.
Leadership Style of the CEO of Google Words: Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : The company boasts and enjoys a vast number of employees across the globe, with an established management team representing a team of the most experienced professionals… References Godin, S. Leadership Application the Life and Success of Words: Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : The leader I worked with at the procurement department knew his goals and had the power to… References Burns, T. Leadership Is a Process That Helps in Words: Length: 11 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : Literature review Management and leadership are interchangeably used in our everyday… References Avolio, B.
Leadership I Have Grown Fond of Mr Words: Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : His leadership traits bring the group purpose above individual needs for the… References List Mind Tools Leadership Quizzes Words: Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper : Leadership There Are a Number Words: Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper : Situational leadership theory argues that leaders need to adapt to the different circumstances, changing their style to suit the challenges with which they are… Works Cited: The transformational leader- N. Leadership as a Montage of Words: Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Thesis Paper : By focusing on the leadership as point of view model, organizations can solve problems relating to the confusion of… References Charan, R.
Leadership Characteristics of Administrators to Words: Length: 30 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : There were… References Adler, a. Leadership Qualifications in the Workplace Quintessential Leader Words: Length: 12 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper : Leadership Has Been Ongoing for Words: Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Research Proposal Paper : There is certainly a gap between the specificity of long-term strategies that the organization has… Works Cited: Schermerhorn, John. Leadership for Organizations Words: Length: 8 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : Leaders need to possess a wide range… Bibliography Adams, J. Leadership Course No -- Leadership it Had Words: Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : Leadership Books Number of Different Words: Length: 9 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : This theory prescribes… References Bolman, L.
Leadership and Management Over Time the Terms Words: Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : When… References Bennis, W. Leadership Is a Complex Subject Words: Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : Leadership the Globalized Economy That Words: Length: 10 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : This means that I am normally aware of my feelings and… Reference list: 1. Leadership One of the Most Words: Length: 8 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper : Leadership Styles Among Male and Female Principal and How Teachers Rate Their Principals Words: Length: 50 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : In addition, teachers also prefer… Bibliography Berens, Linda V. Leadership at Windber a Study Words: Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Case Study Paper : Thus, he would have good leader-member relations, may be unstructured, but would certainly score highly… Situational Leadership Model Blanchard.
Leadership in the Survey on Words: Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : Leadership in the Girl Scouts Before Becoming Words: Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper : Therefore, while I had hoped to be a transformational leader when I began my role as troop leader, inspiring each of the girls to… References Cherry, K.
No comments:
Post a Comment